Concurrency async

Concept	C#	Java	Python	JavaScript	Go	C++	Rust	Kotlin	Swift
Threads	System.Threading.Thread	java.lang.Thread	threading	-	Goroutines	std::thread	std::thread	-	-
Thread Pools	System.Threading.ThreadPool	java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Futures	System.Threading.Tasks.Task	java.util.concurrent.Future	concurrent.futures	Promise	-	std::future	std::future	-	-
Async/Await	System.Threading.Tasks.Task	-	asyncio	Promise, async/await	-	-	async-std, tokio	kotlinx.coroutines	async/await
Event Loop	-	-	asyncio	Event Loop	-	-	-	-	-
Coroutines	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	kotlinx.coroutines	-
Channels	System.Threading.Channels	-	-	-	chan	-	std::sync::mpsc	-	-
Mutex/Semaphore	System.Threading.Mutex, System.Threading.Semaphore	java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock, java.util.concurrent.Semaphore	threading.Lock, threading.Semaphore	-	-	std::mutex, std::semaphore	std::sync::Mutex, std::sync::Semaphore	-	-
Task Management	System.Threading.Tasks.Task	java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture	-	-	-	std::async	-	-	-

Threads

A thread is the smallest unit of a process that can be scheduled and executed independently.

Thread Pools

A thread pool is a collection of pre-instantiated reusable threads that can be used to execute tasks, improving performance and resource management.

Futures

A future represents the result of an asynchronous computation, allowing you to retrieve the result once the computation is complete.

Async/Await

Async/await is a programming pattern that allows you to write asynchronous code in a synchronous style, making it easier to read and maintain.

Event Loop

An event loop is a programming construct that waits for and dispatches events or messages in a program, often used in asynchronous programming.

Coroutines

Coroutines are lightweight, cooperative threads that allow you to write asynchronous code without blocking the main thread.

Channels

Channels are a means of communication between concurrent tasks, allowing them to send and receive messages.

Mutex/Semaphore

A mutex (mutual exclusion) is a synchronization primitive that ensures only one thread can access a resource at a time. A semaphore is a signaling mechanism that controls access to a shared resource by multiple threads.

Task Management

Task management involves creating, scheduling, and managing the execution of tasks, often using futures or promises to handle asynchronous operations.

Additional Information:

• Java: Java also supports ForkJoinPool for parallel processing.
• Python: Python's multiprocessing module allows for true parallelism by utilizing multiple CPU cores.
• JavaScript: JavaScript achieves parallelism using Web Workers and libraries like Parallel.js.
• Go: Go's GOMAXPROCS setting allows configuring the number of threads for parallel execution.
• C++: C++ provides std::async for asynchronous task management and parallel algorithms in the STL.
• Rust: Rust's concurrency model leverages its ownership system and type checking to prevent data races at compile time.
• Kotlin: Kotlin's coroutines are a powerful tool for asynchronous programming, offering lightweight concurrency.
• Swift: Swift's concurrency model includes Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) and async/await for structured concurrency.
• C#: C# supports parallel programming through the Task Parallel Library (TPL) and Parallel LINQ (PLINQ).